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+
By Rafael H. Schloming and Pete Su
+</authorblurb> + + + +In this document, we'll examine the user interface pages of the Notes application in more detail, covering two separate aspects of page development in OpenACS. First, we'll talk about the code needed to make @@ -11,7 +22,15 @@ form-based user interfaces in OpenACS. While these seem like unrelated topics, they both come up in the example page that we are going to look at, so it makes sense to address them at the same time. -
As you will recall from the packages tutorial, the Request
Processor (RP) and Package Manager (APM) allow site
administrators to define an arbitrary mapping from URLs in the site to
@@ -23,7 +42,9 @@
translated into a physical file to serve using the site map. We'll
repeat this description here, assuming that you have mounted an
instance of Notes at the URL /notes as we did in the packages-example:
-
+
+ +
AOLserver receives your request for the URL /notes/somepage.
This URL is passed to the request processor.
@@ -41,14 +62,18 @@
ROOT/packages/notes/www/. Therefore, the page that is
finally served is ROOT/packages/notes/www/hello.html,
which is what we wanted.
-
+
What is missing from this description is a critical fact for
application developers: In addition to working out what file to serve,
the RP also stores information about which package instance the file
belongs to into the AOLserver connection environment. The following
ad_conn interfaces can be used to extract this
information:
-
[ad_conn package_url]+
+ +[ad_conn package_url]If the URL refers to a package instance, this is the URL to the root of the tree where the package is mounted.
[ad_conn package_id]@@ -64,7 +89,9 @@
If we found the URL in the site map, this is the tail of the URL following the part that matched a site map entry. -
+
In the Notes example, we are particularly interested in the
package_id field. If you study the data model and code,
you'll see why. As we said before in the data modeling tutorial, the Notes application points the
@@ -75,13 +102,18 @@
owner of the package to easily define access control policies for all
the notes in a particular instance just my setting permissions on the
package instance itself.
-
+
+ +
The code for adding and editing notes, in
notes/www/add-edit.tcl, shows how this works. At the top
of the page, we extract the package_id and use it to do
permission checks:
-
+ + ++ + ++ set package_id [ad_conn package_id] if {[info exists note_id]} { @@ -94,15 +126,24 @@ set context_bar [ad_context_bar "New Note"] } -+
This code figures out whether we are editing an existing note or creating a new one. It then ensures that we have the right privileges for each action. -
+
+ +
Later, when we actually create a note, the SQL that we run ensures
that the context_id is set the right way:
-
+ + + ++ + ++ db_dml new_note { declare id integer; @@ -118,34 +159,58 @@ end; } -+
The rest of this page makes calls to the form builder part of the template system. This API allows you to write forms-based pages without generating a lot of duplicated HTML in your pages. It also encapsulates most of the common logic that we use in dealing with forms, which we'll discuss next. -
The forms API is pretty simple: You use calls in the
template::form namespace in your Tcl script to create
form elements. The final template page then picks this stuff up and
lays the form out for the user. The form is set up to route submit
buttons and whatnot back to the same Tcl script that set up the
form, so your Tcl script will also contain the logic needed to process
these requests.
-
+
+ +
So, given this outline, here is a breakdown of how the forms code
works in the add-edit.tcl page. First, we create a form object
called new_note:
-
+ + + ++ + ++ template::form create new_note -+
All the forms related code in this page will refer back to this
object. In addition, the adp part of this page does
nothing but display the form object:
-
+ + + ++ + ++ <master> @context_bar@ @@ -156,11 +221,18 @@ <formtemplate id="new_note"></formtemplate> </center> -+
The next thing that the Tcl page does is populate the form with form elements. This code comes first: -
+ + + ++ + ++ if {[template::form is_request new_note] && [info exists note_id]} { template::element create new_note note_id \ @@ -175,37 +247,52 @@ } } -+
The if_request call returns true if we are asking the
page to render the form for the first time. That is, we are rendering
the form to ask the user for input. The tcl part of a
form page can be called in 3 different states: the initial request,
the initial submission, and the validated submission. These states
reflect the typical logic of a forms based page in OpenACS:
-
+
+ +First render the input form.
Next, control passes to a validation page that checks and confirms the inputs.
Finally, control passes to the page that performs the update in the database. -
+
The rest of the if condition figures out if we are
creating a new note or editing an existing note. If
note_id is passed to us from the calling page, we assume
that we are editing an existing note. In this case, we do a database
query to grab the data for the note so we can populate the form with
it.
-
+
+ +
The next two calls create form elements where the user can insert or
edit the title and body of the Note. The interface to
template::element is pretty straightforward.
-
+
+ +Finally, the code at the bottom of the page performs the actual database updates when the form is submitted and validated: -
+ + + ++ + ++ if {[template::form is_valid new_note]} { set user_id [ad_conn user_id] set peeraddr [ad_conn peeraddr] @@ -237,13 +324,24 @@ ad_returnredirect "." } -+
In this simple example, we don't do any custom validation. The nice thing about using this API is that the forms library handles all of the HTML rendering, input validation and database transaction logic on your behalf. This means that you can write pages without duplicating all of that code in every set of pages that uses forms. -
To watch all of this work, use the installer to update the Notes package with the new code that you grabbed out of CVS or the package repository, mount an instance of Notes somewhere in your server and @@ -253,25 +351,45 @@ home page, and set up the permissions so that the instance is only visible to that user. The end result is a site where users can come and write notes to themselves. -
+
+ +This is a good example of the leverage available in the OpenACS 5.9.0 system. The code that we have written for Notes is not at all more complex than a similar application without access control or site map awareness. By adding a small amount of code, we have taken a small, simple, and special purpose application to something that has the potential to be a very useful, general-purpose tool, complete with multi-user features, access control, and centralized administration. -
In OpenACS 5.9.0, application pages and scripts can be aware of the package instance, or subsite in which they are executing. This is a powerful general purpose mechanism that can be used to structure web services in very flexible ways. -
+
+ +We saw how to use this mechanism in the Notes application and how it makes it possible to easily turn Notes into an application that appears to provide each user in a system with their own private notes database. -
+
+ +We also saw how to use the templating system's forms API in a simple way, to create forms based pages with minimal duplication of code. -
($Id$)
+ +