select publish_status from cr_items where item_id=:assessment_id -- group sections with item_counts, then select those sections with 0 items select title from (select asm.section_id, count(ism.as_item_id) as count, cr.title from cr_items i, cr_revisions cr, as_assessment_section_map asm left join as_item_section_map ism on asm.section_id = ism.section_id where i.item_id=:assessment_id and asm.assessment_id=i.latest_revision and cr.revision_id = asm.section_id group by asm.section_id, cr.title) item_counts where count = 0 update cr_items set publish_status = (case when publish_status is null or publish_status <> 'live' then 'live' else null end) where item_id=:assessment_id