| Prev | Chapter 7. Maintenance | Next |
|---|
The purpose of backup is to enable recovery. Backup and recovery are always risky; here are some steps that minimize the chance recovery is necessary:
Store everything on a fault-tolerant disk array (RAID 1 or 5 or better).
Use battery backup.
Use more reliable hardware, such as SCSI instead of IDE.
These steps improve the chances of successful recovery:
Store backups on a third disk on another controller
Store backups on a different computer on a different network in a different physical location. (Compared to off-line backup such as tapes and CDRs, on-line backup is faster and more likely to succeed, but requires maintenance of another machine.)
Plan and configure for recovery from the beginning.
Test your recovery strategy from time to time.
Make it easy to maintain and test your recovery strategy, so that you are more likely to do it.
OpenACS installations comprise files and database contents. If you follow the reference install and put all files, including configuration files, in /web/servicename/, and back up the database nightly to a file in /web/servicename/database-backup, then you can apply standard file-based backup strategies to the root directory.
A quick way to automate database backup is a cron job. (This should moved into OpenACS's scheduled task project so that it's integrated with OpenACS's alerts and such.)
[service0@yourserver service0]$ export EDITOR=emacs;crontab -e
Add this line to the file. The numbers and stars at the beginning are cron columns that specify when the program should be run - in this case, whenever the minute is 0 and the hour is 1, i.e., 1:00 am every day.
0 1 * * * /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_dump -f /web/service0/database-backup/service0_$(date +%Y-%m-%d).dmp service0
Here's a quick manual way to back up a reference install - it should be replaced by an automated script within OpenACS. The command excludes the auto-generated supervise directory, which is unneccesary and has complicated permissions. Make sure that you are using the cron job to back up the database to a file in /web/service0/database-backup so that the tar command will include the database.
[root@yourserver root]# su - service0 [service0@yourserver service0]$ tar -cpsj --exclude /web/service0/etc/daemontools/supervise --file /tmp/service0-backup.tar.bz2 /web/service0/ --exclude /web/service0/etc/daemontools/supervise/ tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [service0@yourserver service0]$
On a test service, make sure that your backup-recovery process work. After backing up the database and file system, delete the service as detailed below and then recover it.
[root@yourserver root]# svc -d /service/service0
[root@yourserver root]# mv /web/service0/ /web/service0.lost
[root@yourserver root]# rm /service/service0
rm: remove symbolic link `/service/service0'? y
[root@yourserver root]# ps -auxw | grep service0
root 1496 0.0 0.0 1312 252 ? S 16:58 0:00 supervise service0
[root@yourserver root]# kill 1496
[root@yourserver root]# ps -auxw | grep service0
[root@yourserver root]# su - postgres
[postgres@yourserver pgsql]$ dropdb service0
DROP DATABASE
[postgres@yourserver pgsql]$ dropuser service0
DROP USER
[postgres@yourserver pgsql]$ exit
logout
[root@yourserver root]#Restore the operating system and required software. You can do this with standard backup processes or by keeping copies of the install material (OS CDs, OpenACS tarball and supporting software) and repeating the install guide.
Restore the OpenACS service. Assuming the user already exists, restore the database and files from backup and restore the daemontools link. (Because of a bug in Postgres backup-recovery, not all database objects are created in the correct order. To compensate, pre-creating some objects usually work.)
[root@yourserver root]# su - postgres [postgres@yourserver pgsql]$ createuser service0 Shall the new user be allowed to create databases? (y/n) y Shall the new user be allowed to create more new users? (y/n) y CREATE USER [postgres@yourserver pgsql]$ exit logout [root@yourserver root]# su - service0 [service0@yourserver service0]$ cd /web [service0@yourserver web]$ tar xjf /tmp/service0-backup.tar.bz2 [service0@yourserver web]$ chmod -R 700 service0 [service0@yourserver web]$ createdb service0 CREATE DATABASE [service0@yourserver web]$ psql -f /web/service0/packages/acs-kernel/sql/postgresql/postgresql.sql service0 (many lines omitted) [service0@yourserver web]$ psql service0 < /web/service0/database-backup/database-backup.dmp (many lines omitted) [service0@yourserver web]$ exit [root@yourserver root]# ln -s /web/service0/etc/daemontools /service/service0 [root@yourserver root]# sleep 10 [root@yourserver root]# svgroup web /service/service0 [root@yourserver root]#
Earlier strategies, included here because this section hasn't been fully updated yet.
(This has not yet been updated to fit with the Reference install. To do so, edit the backup script to save the backup file in /web/servicename/database-backup). While you're working with Oracle, you should configure it to do automatic exports. An export is a separate backup copy of the database. This copy includes all of the database's state at the time that the export was initiated. If your database is corrupted, you can restore from one of these backups. You should do this step as root.
Download the backup script. Save the file export-oracle.txt as /tmp/export-oracle.txt
Login as root. The following commands will install the export script:
joeuser:~$ su - Password: *********** root:~# cp /tmp/export-oracle.txt /usr/sbin/export-oracle root:~# chmod 700 /usr/sbin/export-oracle
Setup the export directory; this is the directory where backups will be stored. We recommend the directory /ora8/m02/oracle-exports.
root:~# mkdir /ora8/m02/oracle-exports root:~# chown oracle.dba /ora8/m02/oracle-exports root:~# chmod 770 /ora8/m02/oracle-exports
Now edit /usr/sbin/export-oracle and change the SERVICE_NAME and DATABASE_PASSWORD fields to their correct values. If you want to use a directory other than /ora8/m02/oracle-exports, you also need to change the exportdir setting.
Test the export procedure by running the command:
root:~# /usr/sbin/export-oracle mv: /ora8/m02/oracle-exports/oraexport-service_name.dmp.gz: No such file or directory Export: Release 8.1.6.1.0 - Production on Sun Jun 11 18:07:45 2000 (c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.6.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning option JServer Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production Export done in US7ASCII character set and US7ASCII NCHAR character set . exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions . exporting foreign function library names for user SERVICE_NAME . exporting object type definitions for user SERVICE_NAME About to export SERVICE_NAME's objects ... . exporting database links . exporting sequence numbers . exporting cluster definitions . about to export SERVICE_NAME's tables via Conventional Path ... . exporting synonyms . exporting views . exporting stored procedures . exporting operators . exporting referential integrity constraints . exporting triggers . exporting indextypes . exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes . exporting posttables actions . exporting snapshots . exporting snapshot logs . exporting job queues . exporting refresh groups and children . exporting dimensions . exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions . exporting statistics Export terminated successfully without warnings.
If you don't have any warnings, proceed to automate the backups.
Automating backups is accomplished using the UNIX crontab facility.
While still root, run the following command. You can replace the EDITOR="emacs -nw" portion with whatever editor your prefer, such as EDITOR=vi.
root:~# export EDITOR="emacs -nw" root:~# crontab -e
Now add the following line on a line by itself
0 23 * * * /usr/sbin/export-oracle
Save the file, exit the editor. Verify that the addition succeeded by checking the output of the following command.
root:~# crontab -l | grep export-oracle 0 23 * * * /usr/sbin/export-oracle root:~# exit ; Logout
If you see the line, go ahead and log out.
(This is not required for the Reference install.) Dowload this script to /tmp. At the top of the script are several variables that you'll need to customize:
bak - location where you want local backups to be saved
servername - name of your server (and database instance)
ftp_user - username on your ftp account
ftp_password - password on your ftp account
ftp_dir - path on the remote server where your backups will be uploaded
ftp_server - your ftp server
Next, we'll save this file to our server's tcl directory so that it will be loaded on startup. It will automatically be run every night at midnight. Note that this script only backs up the database - not the OpenACS scripts and file content.
joeuser:~$ cp /tmp/acs-pgbackup-init.txt ~/web/birdnotes/tcl/acs-pgbackup-init.tcl joeuser:~$ restart-aolserver birdnotes
That's it! The script will email you with each successful backup (or if it fails, it will send you an email with the reason)